Urinary bladder carcinoma

Painless hematuria is hallmark for clinical presentation.
Male to female ratio 3:1
Smoking is important risk factor.
Worker of dye factory,leather factory,patroliem product,solvant risk for urinary bladder carcinoma.
Transitional cell carcinoma is most common tumor.
TURBT is treatment fo choice early stage tumor(T-1)
Post TURBT BCG irrigation is adjuvent therpy of choice.
Radical cystoprostatectomy in male and radical cystectomy with hystrectomy and b/l salpingoophrectomy with excision of ant wall of vagina is option of choice for T2 and above tumor.

Testicular tumor

Seminoma is most common testicular tumor.
Undescended testis is important risk factor.
Most common presentation is painlesss lump in testes.
USG of testes to diffrentiate it from solid and cystic lesion.
Preop tumor marker- AFP,betaHCG,LDH.
High Inguinal orchidectomy- send specimen for HPE .
Further treatment depend on stage and HPE.http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_cancer